Why Requirements Matter
Poor requirements are the #1 cause of software project failures. A good requirements document ensures everyone understands what will be built before development begins.
Document Structure
1. Executive Summary
- Project name and description
- Business problem being solved
- Key objectives (3-5 bullet points)
- Success criteria
- Stakeholders and approvers
2. Current State
- Existing systems and processes
- Pain points and limitations
- Data sources and formats
- User roles involved today
3. User Types and Roles
For each user type, document:
- Role name and description
- Primary responsibilities
- Technical proficiency level
- Access requirements
4. Functional Requirements
Organized by feature area:
- ID: Unique identifier (FR-001)
- Description: What the system should do
- User Role: Who uses this feature
- Priority: Must have / Should have / Nice to have
- Acceptance Criteria: How we know it works
5. Non-Functional Requirements
- Performance: Response times, concurrent users
- Security: Authentication, encryption, compliance
- Availability: Uptime requirements
- Scalability: Growth expectations
- Usability: Accessibility, mobile support
6. Integrations
For each integration:
- System name and purpose
- Data flow direction
- Data elements exchanged
- Frequency and triggers
- Error handling expectations
7. Data Requirements
- Key data entities
- Data retention policies
- Migration requirements from existing systems
- Reporting and analytics needs
8. Constraints
- Budget limitations
- Timeline constraints
- Technology restrictions
- Regulatory requirements
Writing Good Requirements
Do
- Use clear, specific language
- Write from the user's perspective
- Include measurable acceptance criteria
- Prioritize requirements
- Get stakeholder sign-off
Don't
- Specify technical solutions (that's the developer's job)
- Use vague terms like "user-friendly" without definition
- Include features "just in case"
- Skip the acceptance criteria
Example Requirement
FR-012: Order Search
Description: Users shall be able to search for orders by order number, customer name, or date range.
User Role: Customer Service Representative
Priority: Must Have
Acceptance Criteria:
- Search returns results within 2 seconds
- Results display order number, customer, date, status, and total
- Results can be sorted by any column
- Clicking an order opens the order detail view
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